Bob Dylan

Bob Dylan

Chapter 8 States of Matter
Section 8.1 Three States of Matter
  1. States of Matter- The physical forms of matter, which include solid, liquid, gas, and plasma

  2. Atoms make up all matter and are too small to see without a very powerful microscope. Atoms and molecules are always in motion and bumping into one another. The way that the particles interact determines their state of matter.

  3. Solid- Definite shape/volume; particles closely packed, vibrate in place (don’t break bonds)
      Liquid- Indefinite shape/definite volume; particles close together, slide past one another (break some bonds)
      Gas- Indefinite shape/volume; particles far apart, move independently (break almost all bonds)

Section 8.3 Changes of State

  4. Melting- Endothermic of solid to liquid
      Freezing- Exothermic of liquid to solid
      Evaporation- Endothermic of liquid to gas
      Boiling- Endothermic of liquid to vapor
      Condensation- Exothermic of gas to liquid
      Sublimation-Endothermic of solid to gas or exothermic of gas to solid

  5. When substances gain or lose energy, one of two things can happen to the substance: its temperature changes or its state changes. The temperature of a substance is related to the speed of the substance’s particles. So, when the temperature of a substance changes, so does the speed of its particles. The change in temperature; however, does not occur until the change of state is complete.

  6. On the chart on page 239, it is displaying the change of state of ice to water and water to steam. Because water has a melting point of 0°C, the change from ice to water occurs at that temperature. As more energy is added, the water reaches 100°C, where the water changes state from water to steam. The energy added during these changes of state is used to break the attractions between the particles. So, the temperature does not change until the change in state is complete.

Chapter 9 Introduction to Atoms...