Cultures Of Mesoamerica
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Cultures Of Mesoamerica
Cultures of Mesoamerica
San Lorenzo
El Remolino
Tenochtitlan
Las Camelias
Potrero Nuevo
Loma del Zapotec
San Lorenzo Plateau
• Natural landform
• significant artificial modification (7m)
• 600m East West x 1200m North South
• some symmetry?
• incomplete effigy? Bird?
History of Investigation
• Stirlings 1930’s-1940’s
• Michael Coe and Richard Diehl (1967-1970)
• Ann Cyphers
Site Configuration and Function
• Breakdown relative to elevation:
• Plateau top –elite residences- “palaces†– civic-ceremonial – ball court
• Terraced sides and bottomlands – surrounding settlement – supporting population – surveys initiated
Hydrological control
• Evidence for manipulation of water
• lagunas (n=21) some lined
• drain lines – radiate outward
• water removal?
• residential “plumbingâ€
• Red Palace
Location of Monuments
• 18 monuments known when research began
• Coe and Diehl recorded 34 more
• cesium magnetometer identified 16 more (2 Colossal heads)
Carved Basalt Monuments (124 known today)
Evidence for Political Upheaval?
• some monuments defaced, others decapitated, hauled out onto ridges, rolled into ravines, others buried, took place ca. 900 BC
El Manati (ca 1500 BC)
• within sight of San Lorenzo
• “sacred landscapeâ€
• 40 wooden busts wrapped in mats
• 12 rubber balls
• many other perishables
• evidence of chocolate
La Venta
• on alluvial coastal plain
• most important Middle Formative center (900-400 BC)
• first occupied in Early Formative (ca1200 BC)
• on “island†in swamp
• very large ( ca 500 acres)
• much better preserved public architecture than San Lorenzo
• architecture conforms to standardized orientation: 8 degrees west of north
• astronomical?
• evidence for community planning
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