James Joyce

James Joyce

Author: born in Dublin 1882
- His father sent him to a Jesuit boarding school, but was as J.I.M. Stewart observes “suffi-ciently improvident to be virtually penniless(mittellos) a few years later →this accounts for his transfer to Belvedere College , a Catholic day school in the city
- Graduates 1902 with a degree in modern languages
- Determined to turn his back on Ireland, he studied medicine in Paris for a short time
- Mothers illness brought him back 1903
- June 1904 he met and fell in love with Nora Barnacle → they went to Italy, settling in Trieste in the spring of 1905→ Joyce began teaching English
- Remained there until 1915 (were not in fact married until 1931)
- Had two children, a boy and a girl
- Even before he abandoned Ireland he had started work on his autobiographical novel “Stephan Hero” , which he was later to reshape to the exact proportions of “Portrait”
- He was also to write a number of short stories, afterwards to be collected together until title “Dubliners”, sent to the publisher Grant Richards 1905 → because of publisherÄs caution not published until 1914
- In 1914 J. wrote most of his play “Exile”, which was revived by the Royal Shakespeare Company at the Theatre in 1870
- In 1915 the Joyces, now in financial difficulties, moved to Zurüch
- Joyce returned to Trieste after the First World War, but in 1920 he settled In Paris
- Ulysses appeared in part of the “little Review” and was published in Paris in 1922, under the auspices of another American friend, Sylvia Beach
- Court auction to determine, whether or not it was pornographic, brought Joyce an un-welcome notoriety (schlechten Ruf).
- But an enlightened judge upheld the artistic integrity of the work and Ulysses was pub-lished in America in 1934 and in England in 1936
- Joyce continued with “Work In Progress”, which was ultimately to be called “Finnegans Wake” , published in 1941
- His daughter Lucia, was mentally ill and admitted to a...